Читаем Soldaten полностью

631. See Holger Afflerbach, “ ‘Mit wehender Fahne untergehen’: Kapitulationsverweigerung in der deutschen Marine,” VfZG 49 (2001), pp. 593–612.

632. Andreas Leipold, “Die Deutsche Seekriegsführung im Pazifik in den Jahren 1914 und 1915” (Ph.D. disseration, University of Bayreuth, 2010).

633. Lagevorträge des Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine var Hitler 1939–1945 (26 March 1945), Gerhard Wagner, ed. (Munich: Lehmanns, 1972), p. 686.

634. Cited in Rolf-Dieter Müller and Gerd R. Ueberschär, Kriegsende 1945: Die Zerstörung des Deutschen Reiches (Frankfurt/Main: Primu Verlag, 1994), p. 175.

635. “Die Invasion”: Erlebnisbericht und Betrachtungen eines T-Boot-Fahrers auf “Möwe,” BA/MA, RM 8/1875; Clay Blair, Der U-Boot-Krieg, Vol. 2 (Munich: Bechtermuenz, 2001), p. 679.

636. Address of the Japanese ambassador, General Hiroshi Oshima, during ceremonies at the Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium, 25 November 1944, PAAA, R 61405.

637. Room Conversation, Grote–Wiljotti–Brinkmann, 12 August 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 476. Wiljotti’s interlocutor felt no need to expand on the fight that saw seventeen S-boats go down with their entire crews in the Baie de la Seine. In fact, there is no instance in World War II of an S-boat going down with all its crew. There were always survivors. This is a typical example of a storyteller exaggerating to make a narrative more interesting.

638. See the report of the Navy high command about tonnages, 19 October 1944, Neitzel, “Bedeutungswandel der Kriegsmarine,” p. 256.

639. SRA 2589, 5 June 1942, TNA, WO 208/4126.

640. Ernst Stilla, “Die Luftwaffe im Kampf um die Luftherrschaft” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bonn, 2005), p. 234ff.; Karl-Heinz Frieser et al., Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Vol. 8 (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt DVA, 2007), p. 859. Lieutenant Trettau of the 6/JG 27, for example, reported that, according to a command in March 1945, relatives of POWs who had been captured uninjured would be ineligible for government benefits. SRA 5840, 11 April 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135.

641. NARA, T-321, Reel 54, pp. 290–403; Günther W. Gellermann, Moskau ruft Heeresgruppe Mitte… Was nicht im Wehrmachtbericht stand—Die Einsätze des geheimen Kampfgeschwaders 200 im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe, 1988), pp. 42–60; Arno Rose, Radikaler Luftkampf: Die Geschichte der deutschen Rammjäger (Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, 1979).

642. See, for example, SRA 5544, 29 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4134.

643. SRA 4776, 4 January 1944; SRA 4813, 13 January 1944, TNA, WO 208/4132. In June 1942, a lieutenant described the command to ram enemy ships and planes as “idiocy.” SRA 2589, 5 June 1942, TNA, WO 208/4126.

644. SRGG 1248, 18 May 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135.

645. KTB OB West, 21 September 1944, BA/MA, RH 19 IV/56, S. 319.

646. SRX 349, 13 June 1941, TNA, WO 208/4159.

647. SRA 1575, 26 April 1941, TNA, WO 208/4123.

648. SRX 1240, 6 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/4161.

649. Ibid.

650. SRGG 779, 20 January 1944, TNA, WO 208/4167.

651. SRX 703, 15 January 1942, TNA, WO 208/4160.

652. SRN 675, 29 October 1941, TNA, WO 208/4143.

653. SRX 1171, 16 October 1942, TNA, WO 208/4161.

654. SRA 2615, 9 June 1942, TNA, WO 208/4126.

655. SRX 1513, 20 January 1943, TNA, WO 208/4162.

656. SRA 3731, 3 March 1943, TNA, WO 208/4129.

657. SRGG 483, 14 October 1943, TNA, WO 208/4166.

658. SRM 104, 22 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/4136.

659. SRX 1819, 8 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4163.

660. SRM 129, 26 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/4136.

661. SRGG 59, 24 May 1943, TNA, WO 208/4165.

662. SRM 129, 26 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/4136.

663. SRGG 650, 12 December 1943, TNA, WO 208/4167.

664. SRN 2021, 28 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4146; SRN 2021, 28 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4146.

665. SRX 1125, 24 September 1942, TNA WO 208/4161.

666. SRM 136, 29 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/4136.

667. Ibid.

668. SRX 1181, 24 October 1942, TNA, WO 208/4161.

669. “Denkschrift über Gliederung, Bewaffnung und Ausrüstung einer Fallschirmjägerdivision sowie über die Grundsätze der Gefechtsführung im Rahmen einer Fallschirmjägerdivision,” 11 September 1944, BA/MA RH 11 I/24. We owe this reference to Adrian Wettstein, Bern.

670. SRGG 16, 16 May 1943, TNA, WO 208/4165.

671. SRGG 217, 11 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4165.

672. SRX 1839, 16 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4163.

673. Room Conversation, Grote-Wiljotti-Brinkmann, 15 August 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 563.

674. Ibid.

675. SRGG 914, 4 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4168. On soldiers’ experience of battles in Sicily and southern Italy, see BA/MA RH 11 I/27, 4 November 1943. We owe this reference to Adrian Wettstein, Bern.

676. SRX 1149, 9 October 1942, TNA, WO 208/4161.