Читаем Soldaten полностью

728. SRN 129, 15 November 1940, TNA, WO 208/4141. See also SRA 2178, 1 October 1941, TNA, WO 208/4125.

729. SRA 5777, 1 February 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135. There were many variations on the joke about Göring’s fondness for decorations. See Hans-Jochen Gamm, Der Flüsterwitz im Dritten Reich: Mündliche Dokumente zur Lage der Deutschen während des Nationalsozialismus (Munich: Piper, 1990), p. 165.

730. Amedeo Osti Guerrazzi, “Noi non sappiamo odiare” L´esercito italiano tra fascismo e democrazia (Turin: UTET Libera, 2010), p. 166.

731. SRIG 329, 17 October 1943, TNA, WO 208/4187. Ficalla was the commander of the 202nd Coastal Division and was captured on 21 July 1943 in Sicily. Salza was the chaplain of the 1st Italian Army and was captured on 1 May 1943 in Tunisia.

732. CSDIC Middle East No. 662(I), 5 January 1943, TNA, WO 208/5574.

733. SRIG 221, 11 August 1943, TNA, WO 208/4186.

734. CSDIC Middle East No. 626(I), 15 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/5574.

735. Italian soldiers were more interested in material rewards than decorations. A fighter pilot reported that he could earn 5,000 lire for every hit. CSDIC Middle East No. 488(I), 13 April 1942, TNA, WO 208/5518.

736. CSDIC Middle East No. 713(I), 23 March 1943, TNA, WO 208/5574.

737. See ISRM 49, 17 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4188.

738. Even members of Italian elite units showed more emotion than average German soldiers. See the description of a pursuit involving depth charges by an officer of the Italian submarine MS Glauco. I/SRN 76, 29 July 1941, TNA, WO 208/4189.

739. I/SRN 68, 24 July 1941, TNA, WO 208/4189.

740. CSDIC Middle East No. 489(I), 14 April 1942. See also CSDIC Middle East No. 471(I), 25 March 1942, TNA, WO 208/5518.

741. CSDIC AFHQ No. 58(I), 31 August 1943, TNA, WO 208/5508.

742. Ibid.

743. I/SRN 70, 24 July 1941; I/SRN 90, 18 August 1941, TNA, WO 208/4189.

744. I/SRN 65, 20 July 1941. See I/SRN 88, TNA, WO 208/4189.

745. See I/SRN 54, 15 January 1941; I/SRN 72, 25 July 1941; I/SRN 97, 25 August 1941, TNA, WO 208/4189.

746. SRIG 138, 17 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4186.

747. Michael E. Stevens, Letters from the Front, 1898–1945 (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1992), p. 135.

748. Ulrich Straus, The Anguish of Surrender: Japanese POW’s of World War II (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2003), p. 48ff.

749. Hirofumi Hayashi, “Japanese Deserters and Prisoners of War in the Battle of Okinawa,” in Prisoners of War, Prisoners of Peace: Captivity: Homecoming and Memory in World War II, Barbara Hately-Broad and Bob Moore, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 54. Findings in Burma are similar. See Takuma Melber, “Verhört: Alliierte Studien zu Moral und Psyche japanischer Soldaten im Zweiten Weltkrieg,” in Welzer, Neitzel, and Gudehus, eds., “Der Führer.”

750. Rüdiger Overmans, Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag, 1999), p. 215.

751. SRM 1022, 15 November 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

752. For the most recent research on the Waffen SS, see Martin Cüppers, Wegbereiter der Shoah: Die Waffen-SS, der Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS und die Judenvernichtung, 1939–1945 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2005); Carlo Gentile, Wehrmacht, Waffen-SS und Polizei im Kampf gegen Partisanen und Zivilbevölkerung in Italien, 1943–1945 (Paderborn: Schoeningh Verlag, 2011); Lieb, Konventioneller Krieg; René Rohrkamp, Weltanschaulich gefestigte Kämpfer: Die Soldaten der Waffen-SS, 1933–1945: Organisation—Personal—Sozialstruktur (Paderborn: Schoeningh Verlag, 2010); and above all, Jean-Luc Leleu, La Waffen-SS: Soldats politiques en Guerre (Paris: Editions Perrin, 2007). See also Jochen Lehnhardt, “Die Waffen-SS in der NS-Propaganda” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Mainz, 2011).

753. SRM 8, 23 July 1940, TNA, WO 208/4136.

754. Hartmann, Wehrmacht im Ostkrieg, pp. 106, 237.

755. KTB SS Infanterie Regiment 4 (mot.), 9 December 1941–29 April 1942.

756. Rohrkamp, Weltanschaulich gefestigte Kämpfer.

757. SRGG 429, 22 September 1943, TNA, WO 208/4166; see also SRM 786, 12 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

758. SRM 747, 3 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138; Kritik auch bei Lingner, SRM 1216, February 1945, TNA, WO 208/4140.