Читаем Soldaten полностью

543. Hoerkens, “Kämpfer des Dritten Reiches?”

544. SRN 1715, 1 May 1943, TNA, WO 208/4145.

545. SRM 832, 26 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

546. SRM 560, 15 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

547. SRM 584, 22 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

548. SRA 1742, 19 May 1941, TNA, WO 208/4145.

549. SRM 914, 20 September 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

550. SRN 1505, 5 March 1943, TNA, WO 208/4145.

551. SRN 1617, 12 April 1943, TNA, WO 208/4145.

552. SRCMF X 61, 1 October 1944, TNA, WO 208/5513.

553. SRCMF X 15, 27 May 1944, TNA, WO 208/5513.

554. SRN 2471, 23 November 1943, TNA, WO 208/4148.

555. SRM 523, 8 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

556. Gordon Allport, Die Natur des Vorurteils (Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1971); Norbert Elias and John L. Scotson, Etablierte und Außenseiter (Frankfurt/Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1990); Henri Taijfel, Gruppenkonflikt und Vorurteil: Entstehung und Funktion sozialer Stereotypen (Bern: Verlag Hans Huber, 1982).

557. For example, Aly, Volksstaat; Wildt, Volksgemeinschaft.

558. SRGG 411, 10 September 1943, TNA, WO 208/4166.

559. SRGG 452, 2 October 1943, TNA, WO 208/4166.

560. SRM 745, 4 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4238.

561. Interrogation Report, Wilimzig–Malner, 2 August 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 563. See also Wilimzig’s personal file, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 563; and Felix Römer, “Alfred Andersch abgehört: Kriegsgefangene ‘Anti-Nazi’ im amerikanischen Vernehmungslager Fort Hunt,” VfZG 58 (2010), p. 578.

562. Room Conversation, Mayer–Ahnelt, 5 July 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 441.

563. Room Conversation, Lange–Laemmel, 27 August 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 506.

564. SRM 711, 28 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

565. SRM 1215, 14 February 1945, TNA, WO 208/4140.

566. See Martin Treutlein, “Paris im August 1944,” in Welzer, Neitzel, and Gudehus, eds., “Der Führer.”

567. Thomas Kühne, Kameradschaft: Die Soldaten des nationalsozialistischen Krieges und das 20. Jahrhundert (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2006), p. 197.

568. SRN 97, 2 November 1940, TNA, WO 208/4141.

569. SRN 624, 9 August 1941, TNA, WO 208/4143.

570. “Gedanken des Oberbefehlshabers der Kriegsmarine zum Kriegsausbruch 3 September 1939,” in Werner Rahn and Gerhard Schreiber, eds., Kriegstagebuch der Seekriegsleitung, 1939–1945, Teil A, Vol. 1 (Bonn: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1988), p. 16.

571. An especially impressive example of this attitude is Kriegstagebuch des “Führers der Zerstörer” aus dem Jahr 1944, BA/MA, RM 54/8.

572. On Hitler: Admiral/Führerhauptquartier GKdos 2877/44, 6 August 1944, BA-MA, RM 7/137; on Goebbels: Elke Fröhlich, ed., Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels: Sämtliche Fragmente, Vols. 1–15 (28 February 1945) (London: Muenchen, 1987–98), p. 383.

573. Room Conversation, Neumann–Tschernett–Petzelmayer, 13 June 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 521.

574. HDv 2, Abschnitt 9, p. 53, cited in BA/MA, RS 4/1446. We owe this reference to Peter Lieb, Sandhurst.

575. “I swear by God this sacred oath that I will show absolute obedience to the leader of the German Empire and people, Adolf Hitler, the supreme commander of the Wehrmacht, and am prepared as a courageous soldier to give my life at all times for this oath.”

576. Cited in Klaus Reinhardt, Die Wende vor Moskau: Das Scheitern der Strategie Hitlers im Winter 1941/42 (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1972), p. 220.

577. OKW/WFSt, Abt. L, No. 442277/41 gKdos Chefs., 26 December 1941, cited in Hürter, Hitlers Heerführer, p. 327, FN 243.

578. Ibid., p. 332.

579. Ibid., p. 344.

580. OKW/WFSt/Op No. 004059/42 g.K. v. 3 November 1942, BA/MA, RH 19 VIII/34, S. 171 f.

581. Karl-Günter Zelle, Hitlers zweifelnde Elite (Paderborn: Schoeningh Verlag, 2010), pp. 28–32.

582. KTB OKW, Vol. 3, p. 465.

583. POW officers Werner Heuer and Adolf Hempel agreed in conversation that the command to fight to the last man should not be taken literally. Room Conversation, Heuer–Hempel, 26 October 1944, NARA, RG 165, Entry 179, Box 484.

584. SRGG 844, 24 February 1944, TNA, WO 208/4168.

585. SRX 1798, 1799, 23 June 1943; SRX 1806, 24 June 1943, TNA, WO 208/4163. See also SRGG 252, 18 July 1943, TNA, WO 208/4165.

586. Fröhlich, ed., Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, 29 June 1944, p. 567.