Читаем Soldaten полностью

452. Rafael A. Zagovec, “Gespräche mit der ‘Volksgemeinschaft’” in Die deutsche Kriegsgesellschaft, 1939 bis 1945—Ausbeutung, Deutungen, Ausgrenzung, Vol. 9/2, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2005), p. 327.

453. Jörg Echternkamp, “Im Kampf an der inneren und äußeren Front: Grundzüge der deutschen Gesellschaft im Zweiten Weltkrieg,” in Das Deutsche Reich, Vol. 9/1, p. 47.

454. Heinz Boberach, ed., Meldungen aus dem Reich (Munich: Pawlak Verlag Herrsching, 1968), p. 511.

455. Michael Salewski, “Die Abwehr der Invasion als Schlüssel zum ‘Endsieg’?” in Die Wehrmacht, Mythos und Realität, Rolf-Dieter Müller, and Hans-Erich Volkmann, eds. (Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1999), pp. 210–23.

456. SRM 519, 7 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

457. SRM 526, 9 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

458. SRM 547, 13 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

459. SRM 606, 27 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138. Kuhle was the commander of III/IR 1050 of the 77th Infantry Division, while Saldern led the dramatically weakened Grenadier Regiment 1057 of the 91st Airborne Division. Major Bornhard, commander of the Feldersatzbataillon of the 77th Infantry Division, was captured on 18 June 1944 and was interned together with Kuhle at Wilton Park. From 1 February to 25 April 1944, Lieutenant General Walter Poppe commanded the 77th Infantry Division, in which Kuhle served. On 5 July, Poppe took over a new command. The basis for the rumors of treason is unclear.

460. SRM 610, 29 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

461. SRM 830, 24 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

462. SRM 849, 27 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

463. For a summary of current research, see Neitzel, Abgehört, p. 61ff.

464. SRM 639, 8 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

465. SRM 637, 7 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

466. We owe this analysis to Felix Römer in Mainz.

467. A Lieutenant Trettner, for example, asserted that eight paratrooper divisions would soon be deployed and that “there was much to be done.” SRM 813, 24 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4139.

468. SRM 796, 19 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4138.

469. This is based on an analysis of moral questionnaires carried out by Felix Römer in Mainz. On navy men, see SRN 3815, 9 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4153; SRN 3830, 12 June 1944, TNA, WO 208/4153; SRN 3931, 11 July 1944, TNA, WO 208/4154; SRN 4032, 3 August 1944, TNA, WO 208/4154.

470. This conclusion was reached by an American study based on interrogations of German POWs shortly after they had been taken captive. M. I. Gurfein and Morris Janowitz, “Trends in Wehrmacht Morale,” Public Opinion Quarterly 10 (1946), p. 81.

471. NCO Brandt of the 11/NJG 3 told of a superior’s address to the troops shortly before the Ardennes Offensive: “He said that if we don’t regain aerial dominance soon, we will have lost the war. And the group commander said: ‘The offensive in the West right now will be all-decisive. If it’s halted, it will be the last offensive battle we can afford.’ That’s what the group commander said in public before all of his airmen, whom he had called together.” SRX 2091, 11 January 1945, TNA, WO 208/4164. See also SRM 1133, 18 December 1944, TNA, WO 208/4140; SRM 1168, 8 January 1945, TNA, WO 208/4140.

472. SRX 2030, 25 October 1944, TNA, WO 208/4164.

473. Zagovec, “Gespräche mit der ‘Volksgemeinschaft,’ ”p. 358.

474. Meldung des OB West v. 7. 2. 1945, KTB OKW, Vol. 4/2, p. 1364.

475. SRA 5829, 18 March 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135.

476. For example, General von Thoma. See Neitzel, Abgehört, p. 33.

477. SRM 79, 20 November 1942, TNA, WO 208/4136.

478. SRA 5835, 22 March 1945, TNA, WO 208/4135.

479. Cited in Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1936–1945 (Munich: Pantheon Verlag, 2002), p. 15.

480. Ibid., p. 64ff.

481. SRGG 1125, 27 January 1945, TNA, WO 208/4169.

482. W. G. Sebald, Luftkrieg und Literatur (Frankfurt/Main: Eichborn, 2001), p. 110.

483. Hans Mommsen, Zur Geschichte Deutschlands im 20. Jahrhundert. Demokratie, Diktatur, Widerstand (Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2010), p. 159ff.

484. Saul K. Padover, Lügendetektor: Vernehmungen im besiegten Deutschland, 1944/45 (Frankfurt/Main: Eichborn Verlag, 1999).

485. SRA 123, 17 June 1940, TNA, WO 208/4118.

486. SRA 200, 22 July 1940, TNA, WO 208/4118.

487. SRA 495, 10 September 1940, TNA, WO 208/4119; SRA 554, 18 September 1940, TNA, WO 208/4119; SRA 1383, 5 March 1941, TNA, WO 208/4123.

488. SRX 154, 17 November 1940, TNA, WO 208/4158.

489. SRX 228, 29 March 1941, TNA, WO 208/4158.

490. SRA 1619, 29 April 1941, TNA, WO 208/4123.

491. SRA 3807, 10 March 1943, TNA, WO 208/4129.

492. SRA. 4656, 23 November 1943, TNA, WO 208/4132.