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intuitive knowledge of what is right. Any political group can appropriate the special moral sensibility of women to its own ends: most groups do, usually in place of offering substantive relief to

women with respect to sexism in the group itself. Women all along

the male-defined political spectrum give special credence to this

view of a female biological nature that is morally good.

However this premise about a biologically based morality is

used, the woman-superior model of antifeminism is operating to

keep women down, not up, in the crude world of actual human

interchange. To stay worshiped, the woman must stay a symbol

and she must stay good. She cannot become merely a human in the

muck of life, morally flawed and morally struggling, committing

acts that have complex, difficult, unpredictable consequences. She

must not walk the same streets men do or do the same things or

have the same responsibilities. Precisely because she is good, she

is unfit to do the same things, unfit to make the same decisions, unfit to resolve the same dilemmas, unfit to undertake the same responsibilities, unfit to exercise the same rights. Her nature is

different— this time better but still absolutely different— and

therefore her role must be different. The worshiping attitude, the

spiritual elevation of women that men invoke whenever they suggest that women are finer than they, proposes that women are what men can never be: chaste, good. In fact men are what women can

never be: real moral agents, the bearers of real moral authority and

responsibility. Women are not kept from this moral agency by biology, but by a male social system that puts women above or below simple human choice in m orally demanding situations. The spiritual superiority of women in this model of ludicrous homage

isolates women from the human acts that create meaning, the human choices that create both ethics and history. It separates women out from the chaos and triumph of human responsibility by

giving women a two-dimensional m orality, a stagnant m orality,

one in which what is right and good is predetermined, sex-deter-

mined, biologically determined. The worship of women, devotion

to that in woman which raises man, respect for some moral sensibility allegedly inborn only in women, is the seductive antifeminism, the one that entrances women who have seen through the other kinds. Being worshiped (for most women) is preferable to

being defiled, and being looked up to is better than being walked

on. It is hard for women to refuse the worship of what otherwise is

despised: being female. Woman’s special moral nature has sometimes been used to plead her case: being moral, she w ill be able to upgrade the m orality of the nation if she has the rights of citizenship, the tone of the marketplace if she is employed, the quality of the church if she officiates, the humanism of government if she is

in it; being moral, she w ill be on the side of good. It has also been

argued, more loudly and more often, that her moral nature must

not be contaminated by vulgar responsibilities; that she has a special moral role to play in making the nation and the world good—

she must be in her person the example of good that w ill civilize and

educate men and make the nation moral. One cannot do what men

do—not in government, not in the family, not even in religion, not

anywhere—and be an example of good. “It is the task of the Positive Woman, ” wrote Phyllis Schlafly, “to keep America good. ” 1

Women keep Amerika good by being good. Many women who

hate Schlafly’s politics would agree that women have a special

moral responsibility “to keep America good. ” They have a different political program of good in mind and a different conception of women’s rights, but their conception of a biologically determined morality in which women are better than men is not different. Antifeminism allows for this sentimentality, encourages and exploits this self-indulgence; liberation does not. As Frederick

Douglass wrote over a century ago: “We advocate women’s rights,

not because she is an angel, but because she is a woman, having the

same wants, and being exposed to the same evils as man. ” 2

The woman-superior model of antifeminism also takes a sexual

form, one that is purely pornographic. The central conceit of

woman-hating sex, sex as conquest and possession, dominance and