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6 PHRASE You can use in the circumstances or under the circumstances before or after a statement to indicate that you have considered the conditions affecting the situation before making the statement. □  Under the circumstances, a crash was unavoidable. SYNONYMS circumstance NOUN 1

conditions:The conditions are ripe for the spread of disease.

situation:She's in a hopeless situation.

scenario:In the worst-case scenario, you could become a homeless person.

cir|cum|stan|tial /sɜː ^r kəmstæ nʃ ^ə l/ ADJ [usu ADJ n] Circumstantial evidence is evidence that makes it seem likely that something happened, but does not prove it. [FORMAL ] □  There is no conclusive proof, but there is a lot of circumstantial evidence.

cir|cum|vent /sɜː ^r kəmve nt/ (circumvents , circumventing , circumvented ) VERB If someone circumvents a rule or restriction, they avoid having to obey the rule or restriction, in a clever and perhaps dishonest way. [FORMAL ] □ [V n] Military planners tried to circumvent the treaty.

cir|cus /sɜː ^r kəs/ (circuses )

1 N‑COUNT A circus is a group that consists of clowns, acrobats, and animals which travels around to different places and performs shows. □  My real ambition was to work in a circus. □  …circus performers. ● N‑SING The circus is the show performed by these people. □  My dad took me to the circus.

2 N‑SING If you describe a group of people or an event as a circus , you disapprove of them because they attract a lot of attention but do not achieve anything useful. [DISAPPROVAL ] □  It could well turn into some kind of a media circus.

cir|rho|sis /s I roʊ s I s/ N‑UNCOUNT Cirrhosis or cirrhosis of the liver is a disease which destroys a person's liver and which can kill them. It is often caused by drinking too much alcohol.

cis|sy /s I si/ → see sissy

cis|tern /s I stə ^r n/ (cisterns )

1 N‑COUNT A cistern is a container which stores the water supply for a building, or that holds the water for flushing a toilet. [mainly BRIT ] in AM, usually use tank 2 N‑COUNT A cistern is a container for storing rain water. [mainly AM ] in BRIT, usually use water butt

cita|del /s I təd ^ə l/ (citadels )

1 N‑COUNT In the past, a citadel was a strong building in or near a city, where people could shelter for safety. □  The citadel at Besançon towered above the river.

2 N‑COUNT If you describe a system or organization as a citadel of a particular way of life, usually one you disapprove of, you mean that it is powerful and effective in defending that way of life. [FORMAL , DISAPPROVAL ] □ [+ of ] The business is no longer regarded as a citadel of commerce.

ci|ta|tion /sa I te I ʃ ^ə n/ (citations )

1 N‑COUNT A citation is an official document or speech which praises a person for something brave or special that they have done. □  His citation says he showed outstanding and exemplary courage.

2 N‑COUNT A citation from a book or other piece of writing is a passage or phrase from it. [FORMAL ]

3 N‑COUNT A citation is the same as a summons . [AM ] □  The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.

cite ◆◇◇ /sa I t/ (cites , citing , cited )

1 VERB If you cite something, you quote it or mention it, especially as an example or proof of what you are saying. [FORMAL ] □ [V n] She cites a favourite poem by George Herbert. □ [V n + as ] I am merely citing his reaction as typical of British industry. □ [be V -ed + as ] Spain was cited as the most popular holiday destination.