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1 VERB If a piece of writing circulates or is circulated , copies of it are passed round among a group of people. □ [be V -ed] The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations. □ [V n] Public employees, teachers and liberals are circulating a petition for his recall. □ [V ] This year anonymous leaflets have been circulating in Beijing. ●  cir|cu|la|tion /sɜː ^r kjʊle I ʃ ^ə n/ N‑UNCOUNT □ [+ of ] …an inquiry into the circulation of 'unacceptable literature'.

2 VERB If something such as a rumour circulates or is circulated , the people in a place tell it to each other. □ [V ] Rumours were already beginning to circulate that the project might have to be abandoned. □ [be V -ed] I deeply resented those sort of rumours being circulated at a time of deeply personal grief. [Also V n]

3 VERB When something circulates , it moves easily and freely within a closed place or system. □ [V ] …a virus which circulates via the bloodstream and causes ill health in a variety of organs. □ [V ] Cooking odours can circulate throughout the entire house. [Also V prep] ●  cir|cu|la|tion N‑UNCOUNT □ [+ of ] Use a fan to aid the circulation of air in the room. □ [+ of ] …the principle of free circulation of goods.

4 VERB If you circulate at a party, you move among the guests and talk to different people. □ [V ] Let me get you something to drink, then I must circulate.

cir|cu|la|tion /sɜː ^r kjʊle I ʃ ^ə n/ (circulations )

1 N‑COUNT The circulation of a newspaper or magazine is the number of copies that are sold each time it is produced. □  The Daily News once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country. □  The paper has proved unable to maintain its circulation figures.

2 N‑UNCOUNT Your circulation is the movement of blood through your body. □  Anyone with heart, lung or circulation problems should seek medical advice before flying. □  …cold spots in the fingers caused by poor circulation.

3 → see also circulate

4 PHRASE If something such as money is in circulation , it is being used by the public. If something is out of circulation or has been withdrawn from circulation , it is no longer available for use by the public. □  …a society like America, with perhaps 180 million guns in circulation. □  …the decision to take 50 and 100 ruble bills out of circulation.

cir|cu|la|tory /sɜː ^r kjʊle I təri, [AM ] -lətɔːri/ ADJ [ADJ n] Circulatory means relating to the circulation of blood in the body. [MEDICAL ] □  …the human circulatory system.

cir|cum|cise /sɜː ^r kəmsa I z/ (circumcises , circumcising , circumcised )

1 VERB [usu passive] If a boy or man is circumcised , the loose skin at the end of his penis is cut off. □ [be V -ed] He had been circumcised within eight days of birth as required by Jewish law. ●  cir|cum|ci|sion /sɜː ^r kəms I ʒ ^ə n/ N‑UNCOUNT [oft a N ] □  Jews and Moslems practise circumcision for religious reasons.

2 VERB [usu passive] In some cultures, if a girl or woman is circumcised , her clitoris is cut or cut off. □ [be V -ed] An estimated 90 million women around the world have been circumcised. ●  cir|cum|ci|sion N‑UNCOUNT □  …a campaigner against female circumcision.

cir|cum|fer|ence /sə ^r kʌ mfrəns/