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Orlova, Poslednii god zhizni Gertsena. In her Memoirs (New York: Random House, 1983), Orlova recalled an August 1968 discussion of the Soviet invasion, during which Solzhenitsyn said that what the Soviet Union needed at that moment was "a new Her- zen" to shame intellectuals into action (3i7).

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle, trans. Harry T. Willetts (New York: Harper, 2009), chap. 61, pp. 448-49.

Ludmilla Alexeyeva and Paul Goldberg, The Thaw Generation: Coming of Age in the Post-Stalin Era (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990), 220.

Aleksandr Ianov, "Al'ternativa," Molodoi Kommunist 1974: 1 (70-77). See also Ya- nov's book The Origins of Autocracy: Ivan the Terrible in Russian History, trans. Stephen Dunn (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), 261-62.

Let 5:180; Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii, 30:33-34. In an essay from 1923, "On Liter­ature, Revolution, Entropy, and Other Matters," Yevgeny Zamyatin commented on the usefulness of heresy that fights entropy and is right "150 years later." See A Soviet Her­etic, ed. and trans. Mirra Ginsburg (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970). 109.

Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii, 21:142-43.

Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii, 21:154.

Let 1:263, 333. For an analysis of the "dangerous texts" paradigm, see Kathleen Parthe, Russia's Dangerous Texts: Politics Between the Lines (New Haven, Conn.: Yale Uni­versity Press, 2004).

Herzen, My Past and Thoughts, 1:52.

Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii, 2:409. When addressing Europeans (Doc. 1), Her- zen acknowledged efforts by Russian writers, especially during the decade after the De­cembrist revolt, to make veiled references to political subjects and to encourage readers to be attentive. However, by i860 he writes in The Bell that "we have no secrets, and we passionately want to show the sovereign all there is to know," while the tsar's closest aides "conceal everything except harmful gossip" (Doc. 25).

Cited by Isaiah Berlin in chap. 4 of Russian Thinkers, ed. Henry Hardy and Aileen Kelly (New York: Penguin, 1979), 200.

"U nas byl ne zagovor, a tipografiia." Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii, 20:420. This is from the 1868 essay "K nashim vragam."

Zhelvakova, Gertsen, 533.

A NOTE ON THE TEXT

For bibliographical entries and for the citation of Russian words, a standard Library of Congress transliteration is employed. In other usages, modifica­tions have been made for ease of pronunciation (e.g., Murav'ev/Muravyov, Arsen'ev/Arseniev, Nikolai/Nikolay, Elena/Yelena). For a small number of prominent figures, the most familiar form of their names has been cho­sen (e.g., Nicholas I, Alexander II). In the text of the primary documents, Herzen's frequent use of three closely spaced dots, indicating a pause for emphasis, or two dots plus a question mark or an exclamation point, as is common in Russian, has been preserved; any omissions made by the translator in Herzen's writing are indicated by three widely spaced dots in brackets.

All volume and page numbers for the originals of the Herzen documents translated in A Herzen Reader refer to Aleksandr I. Gertsen, Sobranie so- chinenii v tridtsati tomakh, 30 vols. (Moscow: ANSSSR, 1954-66) and are given in a source note following the text. Page numbers indicate first the document itself, then the notes at the back of each volume. For Poliarnaia zvezda, the year and book are indicated (kn.), and for Kolokol, the issue number (l.) and the date.

A Herzen Reader