Читаем Linux программирование в примерах полностью

12 ==8720== malloc/free: 1 allocs, 0 frees, 30 bytes allocated.

...

16 ==8720==

17 ==8720== 30 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 1 of 1

18 ==8720== at 0x40025488: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:153)

19 ==8720== by 0x8048411: main (ch15-badmem1.c:11)

20 ==8720== by 0x420158D3: __libc_start_main (in /lib/i686/libc-2.2.93.so)

21 ==8720== by 0x8048368: (within /home/arnold/progex/code/ch15/ch15-badmem1)

22 ==8720==

23 ==8720== LEAK SUMMARY:

24 ==8720== definitely lost: 30 bytes in 1 blocks.

25 ==8720== possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.

26 ==8720== still reachable: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.

27 ==8720== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.

28 ==8720== Reachable blocks (those to which a pointer was found) are not shown.

29 ==8720== To see them, rerun with: --show-reachable=yes

Строки 17–29 предоставляют отчет об утечке; эта память была выделена в строке 11 ch15-badmem1.с.

Помимо отчетов о неправильном использовании динамической памяти, Valgrind может диагностировать использование неинициализированной памяти. Рассмотрим следующую программу, ch15-badmem3.c:

1  /* ch15-badmem3.c --- плохое обращение с нединамической памятью */

2

3  #include

4  #include

5

6  int main(int argc, char **argv)

7  {

8   int a_var; /* Обе не инициализированы */

9   int b_var;

10

11  /* Valgrind не отметит это; см. текст. */

12  a_var = b_var;

13

14  /* Использование неинициализированной памяти; это отмечается. */

15  printf("a_var = %d\n", a_var);

16

17  return 0;

18 }

При запуске Valgrind выдает этот (сокращенный) отчет:

==29650== Memcheck, a.k.a. Valgrind, a memory error detector for x86-linux.

...

==29650== Use of uninitialised value of size 4

==29650== at 0x42049D2A: _IO_vfprintf_internal (in /lib/i686/libc-2.2.93.so)

==29650== by 0x420523C1: _IO_printf (in /lib/1686/libc-2.2.93.so)

==29650== by 0x804834D: main (ch15-badmem3.с:15)

==29650== by 0x420158D3: __libc_start_main (in /lib/i686/libc-2.2.93.so)

==29650==

==29650== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)

==29650== at 0X42049D32: _IO_vfprintf_internal (in /lib/i686/libc-2.2.93.so)

==29650== by 0x420523C1: _IO_printf (in / lib/i686/libc-2.2.93.so)

==29650== by 0x804834D: main (ch15-badmem3.c:15)

==29650== by 0x420158D3: __libc_start_main (in /lib/i686/libc-2.2.93.so)

...

a_var = 1107341000

==29650==

==29650== ERROR SUMMARY: 25 errors from 7 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

==29650== malloc/free: in use at exit: 0 bytes in 0 blocks.

==29650== malloc/free: 0 allocs, 0 frees, 0 bytes allocated.

==29650== For a detailed leak analysis, rerun with: --leak-check=yes

==29650== For counts of detected errors, rerun with: -v