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2 N‑UNCOUNT Cynicism about something is the belief that it cannot be successful or that the people involved are not honourable. □ [+ about ] This talk betrays a certain cynicism about free trade.

cy|pher /sa I fə ^r / → see cipher

cy|press /sa I prəs/ (cypresses ) N‑VAR A cypress or a cypress tree is a type of conifer .

Cyp|ri|ot /s I priət/ (Cypriots )

1 ADJ Cypriot means belonging or relating to Cyprus, or to its people or culture.

2 N‑COUNT A Cypriot is a Cypriot citizen, or a person of Cypriot origin.

Cy|ril|lic /s I r I l I k/ also cyrillic ADJ [ADJ n] The Cyrillic alphabet is the alphabet that is used to write some Slavonic languages, such as Russian and Bulgarian.

cyst /s I st/ (cysts ) N‑COUNT A cyst is a growth containing liquid that appears inside your body or under your skin. □  He had a minor operation to remove a cyst.

cyst|ic fi|bro|sis /s I st I k fa I broʊ s I s/ N‑UNCOUNT Cystic fibrosis is a serious disease of the glands which usually affects children and can make breathing difficult.

cys|ti|tis /s I sta I t I s/ N‑UNCOUNT Cystitis is a bladder infection. [MEDICAL ] □  …an attack of cystitis.

czar /zɑː ^r / → see tsar

cza|ri|na /zɑːriː nə/ → see tsarina

czar|ist /zɑː r I st/ → see tsarist

Czech /tʃe k/ (Czechs )

1 ADJ Czech means belonging or relating to the Czech Republic, or to its people, language, or culture.

2 N‑COUNT A Czech is a person who comes from the Czech Republic.

3 N‑UNCOUNT Czech is the language spoken in the Czech Republic.

Czecho|slo|vak /tʃe kəsloʊ væk/ (Czechoslovaks )

1 ADJ [usu ADJ n] Czechoslovak means belonging or relating to the former state of Czechoslovakia.

2 N‑COUNT A Czechoslovak was a person who came from Czechoslovakia.

Czecho|slo|va|kian /tʃe kəsləvæ kiən/ (Czechoslovakians )

1 ADJ Czechoslovakian means the same as Czechoslovak .

2 N‑COUNT A Czechoslovakian was a person who came from Czechoslovakia.

Dd

D , d /diː / (D's, d's ) N‑VAR D is the fourth letter of the English alphabet.

d' /d-/ → see d'you

-'d Pronounced /-d/ after a vowel sound and /-əd/ after a consonant sound. 1 -'d is a spoken form of 'had', especially when 'had' is an auxiliary verb. It is added to the end of the pronoun which is the subject of the verb. For example, 'you had' can be shortened to 'you'd'.

2-'d is a spoken form of 'would'. It is added to the end of the pronoun which is the subject of the verb. For example, 'I would' can be shortened to 'I'd'.

D.A. /diː e I / (D.A.s ) N‑COUNT A D.A. is a District Attorney . [AM ]

dab /dæ b/ (dabs , dabbing , dabbed )

1 VERB If you dab something, you touch it several times using quick, light movements. If you dab a substance onto a surface, you put it there using quick, light movements. □ [V n] She arrived weeping, dabbing her eyes with a tissue. □ [V n prep/adv] She dabbed iodine on the cuts on her forehead. □ [V + at ] He dabbed at his lips with the napkin. [Also V ]

2 N‑COUNT A dab of something is a small amount of it that is put onto a surface. [INFORMAL ] □ [+ of ] …a dab of glue.

3 N‑VAR A dab is a small flat fish with rough scales.

DAB /dæ b/ DAB is the transmission of digital stereo over conventional radio channels. DAB is an abbreviation for 'digital audio broadcasting'. □  The overall sound quality of DAB is miles better than FM.

dab|ble /dæ b ^ə l/ (dabbles , dabbling , dabbled ) VERB If you dabble in something, you take part in it but not very seriously. □ [V + in/with/at ] He dabbled in business. □ [V ] Magicians do not dabble, they work hard.

da b ha nd (dab hands ) N‑COUNT In British English, if you are a dab hand at something, you are very good at doing it. [INFORMAL ] □ [+ at ] She's a dab hand at DIY.

dace /de I s/ (dace ) N‑VAR A dace is a type of fish that lives in rivers and lakes.

da|cha /dæ tʃə, [AM ] dɑː tʃə/ (dachas ) N‑COUNT A dacha is a country house in Russia.

dachs|hund /dæ kshʊnd, [AM ] dɑː ksʊnt/ (dachshunds ) N‑COUNT A dachshund is a small dog that has very short legs, a long body, and long ears. WORD HISTORY dachshund