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2 N‑UNCOUNT Cosmology is the study of the origin and nature of the universe. ●  cos|molo|gist (cosmologists ) N‑COUNT □  …astronomers and cosmologists. ●  cos|mo|logi|cal /kɒ zməlɒ dʒ I k ^ə l/ ADJ [ADJ n] □  …cosmological sciences.

cos|mo|naut /kɒ zmənɔːt/ (cosmonauts ) N‑COUNT A cosmonaut is an astronaut from the former Soviet Union.

cos|mo|poli|tan /kɒ zməpɒ l I tən/

1 ADJ A cosmopolitan place or society is full of people from many different countries and cultures. [APPROVAL ] □  London has always been a cosmopolitan city.

2 ADJ Someone who is cosmopolitan has had a lot of contact with people and things from many different countries and as a result is very open to different ideas and ways of doing things. [APPROVAL ] □  The family are rich, and extremely sophisticated and cosmopolitan.

cos|mos /kɒ zmɒs, [AM ] -məs/ N‑SING The cosmos is the universe. [LITERARY ] □  …the natural laws of the cosmos.

cos|set /kɒ s I t/ (cossets , cosseting or cossetting , cosseted or cossetted ) VERB [usu passive] If someone is cosseted , everything possible is done for them and they are protected from anything unpleasant. □ [be V -ed] Our kind of travel is definitely not suitable for people who expect to be cosseted.

cost ◆◆◆ /kɒ st, [AM ] kɔː st/ (costs , costing ) The form cost is used in the present tense, and is also the past tense and past participle, except for meaning 4 , where the form costed is used. 1 N‑COUNT [usu sing] The cost of something is the amount of money that is needed in order to buy, do, or make it. □ [+ of ] The cost of a loaf of bread has increased five-fold. □ [+ of ] In 1989 the price of coffee fell so low that in many countries it did not even cover the cost of production. □ [+ of ] Badges are also available at a cost of £2.50.

2 VERB If something costs a particular amount of money, you can buy, do, or make it for that amount. □ [V amount] This course is limited to 12 people and costs £50. □ [V n amount] It's going to cost me over $100,000 to buy new trucks.

3 N‑PLURAL Your costs are the total amount of money that you must spend on running your home or business. □  Costs have been cut by 30 to 50 per cent.

4 VERB [usu passive] When something that you plan to do or make is costed , the amount of money you need is calculated in advance. □ [be V -ed] Everything that goes into making a programme, staff, rent, lighting, is now costed. □ [V -ed] …apartments, a restaurant and a hotel, costed at around 10 million pounds. ● PHRASAL VERB Cost out means the same as cost . □ [V P n] …training days for charity staff on how to draw up contracts and cost out proposals. □ [have n V -ed P ] It is always worth having a loft conversion costed out. [Also V n P ]

5 N‑PLURAL If someone is ordered by a court of law to pay costs , they have to pay a sum of money towards the expenses of a court case they are involved in. □  He was jailed for 18 months and ordered to pay £550 costs.

6 N‑UNCOUNT If something is sold at cost , it is sold for the same price as it cost the seller to buy it. □  …a store that provided soft drinks and candy bars at cost.

7 N‑SING The cost of something is the loss, damage, or injury that is involved in trying to achieve it. □ [+ of ] In March Mr Salinas shut down the city's oil refinery at a cost of $500 million and 5,000 jobs. □ [+ to ] He had to protect his family, whatever the cost to himself.