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1 N‑COUNT [usu sing] A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly. □ [+ in ] Specialists see various reasons for the recent surge in inflation. □ [+ of ] The anniversary is bound to bring a new surge of interest in the poet's work.

2 VERB If something surges , it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly. □ [V + from/to/by ] The party's electoral support surged from just under 10 per cent to nearly 17 per cent. □ [V -ing] Surging imports will add to the demand for hard currency. [Also V , V amount]

3 VERB If a crowd of people surge forward, they suddenly move forward together. □ [V adv/prep] The photographers and cameramen surged forward. □ [V adv/prep] …the crowd surging out from the church.

4 N‑COUNT A surge is a sudden powerful movement of a physical force such as wind or water. □ [+ of ] The whole car shuddered with an almost frightening surge of power.

5 VERB If a physical force such as water or electricity surges through something, it moves through it suddenly and powerfully. □ [V adv/prep] A paraglider crashed into power lines and survived 11,000 volts surging through his body. [Also V ]

sur|geon /sɜː ^r dʒ ^ə n/ (surgeons )

1 N‑COUNT A surgeon is a doctor who is specially trained to perform surgery. □  …a heart surgeon.

2 → see also plastic surgeon

sur|gery ◆◇◇ /sɜː ^r dʒəri/ (surgeries )

1 N‑UNCOUNT Surgery is medical treatment in which someone's body is cut open so that a doctor can repair, remove, or replace a diseased or damaged part. □  His father has just recovered from heart surgery. □  Mr Clark underwent five hours of emergency surgery.

2 → see also cosmetic surgery , keyhole surgery , plastic surgery

3 N‑COUNT A surgery is the room or house where a doctor or dentist works. [BRIT ] □  Bill was in the doctor's surgery demanding to know what was wrong with him. in AM, use doctor's office , dentist's office 4 N‑COUNT [oft with poss] A doctor's surgery is the period of time each day when a doctor sees patients at his or her surgery. [BRIT ] □  His surgery always ends at eleven. in AM, use office hours 5 N‑COUNT [usu sing] In Britain, when someone such as an MP or a local councillor holds a surgery , they go to an office where members of the public can come and talk to them about problems or issues that concern them.

6 N‑COUNT A surgery is the room in a hospital where surgeons operate on their patients. [AM ] in BRIT, use theatre , operating theatre

sur|gi|cal /sɜː ^r dʒ I k ^ə l/

1 ADJ [ADJ n] Surgical equipment and clothing is used in surgery. □  …an array of surgical instruments. □  …a pair of surgical gloves.

2 ADJ [ADJ n] Surgical treatment involves surgery. □  A biopsy is usually a minor surgical procedure. □  …surgical removal of a tumor. ●  sur|gi|cal|ly ADV [ADV with v] □  In very severe cases, bunions may be surgically removed.

3 ADJ [ADJ n] Surgical military actions are designed to destroy a particular target without harming other people or damaging other buildings near it. □  The government claim to have achieved a surgical strike against military targets.

su r|gi|cal spi r|it N‑UNCOUNT Surgical spirit is a liquid which is used to clean wounds or surgical instruments. It consists mainly of alcohol. [BRIT ] in AM, use rubbing alcohol

sur|ly /sɜː ^r li/ (surlier , surliest ) ADJ Someone who is surly behaves in a rude bad-tempered way. [WRITTEN ] □  He became surly and rude towards me.

sur|mise /sə ^r ma I z/ (surmises , surmising , surmised )