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1 VERB If something is sullied by something else, it is damaged so that it is no longer pure or of such high value. [FORMAL ] □ [be V -ed] The City's reputation has been sullied by these scandals. □ [V n] She claimed they were sullying her good name.

2 VERB If someone sullies something, they make it dirty. [FORMAL ] □ [V n] I felt loath to sully the gleaming brass knocker by handling it.

sul|phate /sʌ lfe I t/ (sulphates ) in AM, use sulfate N‑VAR [oft n N ] A sulphate is a salt of sulphuric acid. □  …copper sulphate. □ [+ of ] …sulphate of potash.

sul|phide /sʌ lfa I d/ (sulphides ) in AM, use sulfide N‑VAR [oft n N ] A sulphide is a compound of sulphur with some other chemical elements. □  …hydrogen sulphide.

sul|phur /sʌ lfə ^r / in AM, use sulfur N‑UNCOUNT Sulphur is a yellow chemical which has a strong smell. □  The air reeks of sulphur.

sul|phu|ric acid /sʌlfjʊə r I k æ s I d/ in AM, use sulfuric acid N‑UNCOUNT Sulphuric acid is a colourless, oily, and very powerful acid.

sul|phur|ous /sʌ lfərəs/ in AM, use sulfurous ADJ [usu ADJ n] Sulphurous air or places contain sulphur or smell of sulphur. □  …sulphurous volcanic gases.

sul|tan /sʌ ltən/ (sultans ) N‑TITLE ; N‑COUNT A sultan is a ruler in some Muslim countries. □  He was forty-two when he became sultan.

sul|tana /sʌltɑː nə, -tæ n-/ (sultanas ) N‑COUNT [usu pl] Sultanas are dried white grapes. [BRIT ]

sul|try /sʌ ltri/

1 ADJ [usu ADJ n] Sultry weather is hot and damp. [WRITTEN ] □  The climax came one sultry August evening.

2 ADJ Someone who is sultry is attractive in a way that suggests hidden passion. [WRITTEN ] □  …a dark-haired sultry woman.

sum ◆◇◇ /sʌ m/ (sums , summing , summed )

1 N‑COUNT A sum of money is an amount of money. □ [+ of ] Large sums of money were lost. □ [+ of ] Even the relatively modest sum of £50,000 now seems beyond his reach.

2 N‑COUNT A sum is a simple calculation in arithmetic. □  I can't do my sums.

3 N‑SING In mathematics, the sum of two numbers is the number that is obtained when they are added together. □ [+ of ] The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.

4 N‑SING The sum of something is all of it. □ [+ of ] 'Public opinion' is only the sum of the views of thousands of people like yourself.

5 → see also lump sum

6 PHRASE If you say that something is more than the sum of its parts or greater than the sum of its parts , you mean that it is better than you would expect from the individual parts, because the way they combine adds a different quality. □  As individual members' solo careers have proved, each band was greater than the sum of its parts.

▸  sum up

1 PHRASAL VERB If you sum something up , you describe it as briefly as possible. □ [V P n] One voter summed up the mood–'Politicians have lost credibility,' he complained. □ [V n P ] Obree summed his weekend up in one word: 'Disastrous.'

2 PHRASAL VERB If something sums a person or situation up , it represents their most typical characteristics. □ [V n P ] 'I love my wife, my horse and my dog,' he said, and that summed him up. □ [V P n] Sadly, the feud sums up the relationship between the two men.

3 PHRASAL VERB If you sum up after a speech or at the end of a piece of writing, you briefly state the main points again. When a judge sums up after a trial, he reminds the jury of the evidence and the main arguments of the case they have heard. □ [V P ] When the judge summed up, it was clear he wanted a guilty verdict.

4 → see also summing-up COLLOCATIONS sum NOUN 1

adjective + sum : princely, substantial, tiny, vast; fixed, six-figure, undisclosed