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su b-sta ndard also substandard ADJ A sub-standard service or product is unacceptable because it is below a required standard. □  Residents in general are poor and undereducated, and live in sub-standard housing.

sub|stan|tial ◆◇◇ /səbstæ nʃ ^ə l/ ADJ [usu ADJ n] Substantial means large in amount or degree. [FORMAL ] □  The party has just lost office and with it a substantial number of seats. SYNONYMS substantial ADJ

large:The gang finally fled with a large amount of cash and jewellery.

significant:…foods that offer a significant amount of protein.

considerable:To be without Pearce would be a considerable blow.

ample:The design of the ground floor created ample space for a good-sized kitchen.

sub|stan|tial|ly /səbstæ nʃəli/

1 ADV [ADV with v] If something changes substantially or is substantially different, it changes a lot or is very different. [FORMAL ] □  The percentage of girls in engineering has increased substantially. □  The price was substantially higher than had been expected.

2 ADV [ADV adj] If you say that something is substantially correct or unchanged, you mean that it is mostly correct or mostly unchanged. [FORMAL ] □  He checked the details given and found them substantially correct.

sub|stan|ti|ate /səbstæ nʃie I t/ (substantiates , substantiating , substantiated ) VERB To substantiate a statement or a story means to supply evidence which proves that it is true. [FORMAL ] □ [V n] There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims. ●  sub|stan|tia|tion /səbstæ nʃie I ʃ ^ə n/ N‑UNCOUNT □  There may be alternative methods of substantiation other than written records.

sub|stan|tive /səbstæ nt I v/ ADJ [usu ADJ n] Substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most important and central aspects of a subject. [FORMAL ] □  They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.

sub|sta|tion /sʌ bste I ʃ ^ə n/ (substations ) also sub-station N‑COUNT A substation is a place where high-voltage electricity from power plants is converted to lower-voltage electricity for homes or factories.

sub|sti|tute ◆◇◇ /sʌ bst I tjuːt, [AM ] -tuːt/ (substitutes , substituting , substituted )

1 VERB If you substitute one thing for another, or if one thing substitutes for another, it takes the place or performs the function of the other thing. □ [V n + for ] They were substituting violence for dialogue. □ [V n] You could always substitute a low-fat soft cheese. □ [V + for ] Would phone conversations substitute for cosy chats over lunch or in the pub after work? □ [V + for ] He was substituting for the injured William Wales. [Also V ] ●  sub|sti|tu|tion /sʌ bst I tjuː ʃ ^ə n, [AM ] -tuː -/ (substitutions ) N‑VAR □ [+ of ] In my experience a straight substitution of carob for chocolate doesn't work.

2 N‑COUNT A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else. □  …tests on humans to find a blood substitute made from animal blood.