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1 VERB If you shove someone or something, you push them with a quick, violent movement. □ [V n prep/adv] He shoved her out of the way. □ [V n] He's the one who shoved me. □ [V ] She shoved as hard as she could. ● N‑COUNT Shove is also a noun. □  She gave Gracie a shove towards the house.

2 VERB If you shove something somewhere, you push it there quickly and carelessly. □ [V n prep/adv] We shoved a copy of the newsletter beneath their door.

3 PHRASE If you talk about what you think will happen if push comes to shove , you are talking about what you think will happen if a situation becomes very bad or difficult. [INFORMAL ] □  If push comes to shove, if you should lose your case in the court, what will you do?

shov|el /ʃʌ v ^ə l/ (shovels , shovelling , shovelled ) in AM, use shoveling , shoveled 1 N‑COUNT A shovel is a tool with a long handle that is used for lifting and moving earth, coal, or snow. □  …a coal shovel. □  She dug the foundation with a pick and shovel.

2 VERB If you shovel earth, coal, or snow, you lift and move it with a shovel. □ [V n] He has to get out and shovel snow. □ [V n prep/adv] Pendergood had shovelled the sand out of the caravan.

3 VERB If you shovel something somewhere, you push a lot of it quickly into that place. □ [V n prep/adv] Randall was shoveling food into his mouth.

show ◆◆◆ /ʃoʊ / (shows , showing , showed , shown )

1 VERB If something shows that a state of affairs exists, it gives information that proves it or makes it clear to people. □ [V that] Research shows that a high-fibre diet may protect you from bowel cancer. □ [V n] These figures show an increase of over one million in unemployment. □ [be V -ed to-inf] New airline technology was shown to be improving fuel consumption. □ [V wh] You'll be given regular blood tests to show whether you have been infected.

2 VERB If a picture, chart, film, or piece of writing shows something, it represents it or gives information about it. □ [V n] Figure 4.1 shows the respiratory system. □ [V -ed] The cushions, shown left, measure 20 x 12 inches and cost $39.95. □ [V n v-ing] Much of the film shows the painter simply going about his task. □ [V wh] Our photograph shows how the plants will turn out.

3 VERB If you show someone something, you give it to them, take them to it, or point to it, so that they can see it or know what you are referring to. □ [V n + to ] Cut out this article and show it to your bank manager. □ [V n n] He showed me the flat he shares with Esther. □ [V n wh] I showed them where the gun was.

4 VERB If you show someone to a room or seat, you lead them there. □ [V n prep/adv] Let me show you to my study. □ [V n n] I'll show you the way.

5 VERB If you show someone how to do something, you do it yourself so that they can watch you and learn how to do it. □ [V n wh] Claire showed us how to make a chocolate roulade. □ [V n n] Dr. Reichert has shown us a new way to look at those behavior problems.

6 VERB If something shows or if you show it, it is visible or noticeable. □ [V n] His beard was just beginning to show signs of grey. □ [V ] Faint glimmers of daylight were showing through the treetops.