Читаем Awe полностью

everyday awe: Bai, Yang, Laura A. Maruskin, Serena Chen, Amie M. Gordon, Jennifer E. Stellar, Galen D. McNeil, Kaiping Peng, and Dacher Keltner. “Awe, the Diminished Self, and Collective Engagement: Universals and Cultural Variations in the Small Self.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 113, no. 2 (2017): 185–209. Gordon, A. M., J. E. Stellar, C. L. Anderson, G. D. McNeil, D. Loew, and D. Keltner. “The Dark Side of the Sublime: Distinguishing a Threat-Based Variant of Awe.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 113, no. 2 (2016): 310–28.

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self-transcendentstates: Stellar, Jennifer E., Amie M. Gordon, Paul K. Piff, Craig L. Anderson, Daniel Cordaro, Yang Bai, Laura Maruskin, and Dacher Keltner. “Self-Transcendent Emotions and Their Social Functions: Compassion, Gratitude, and Awe Bind Us to Others through Prosociality.” Emotion Review 9, no. 3 (2017): 200–7.

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Chapter 2: Awe Inside Out

“The most beautiful experience”: Einstein, Albert. Ideas and Opinions, Based on Mein Weltbild. Edited by Carl Seelig. New York: Bonzana Books, 1954, 11.

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“A sense of wonder”: Carson, Rachel. “Help Your Child to Wonder.” Woman’s Home Companion, July 1956, 46.

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an eleven-year-old girl: For a broader discussion of how the science of emotion played out in Inside Out, see: Keltner, Dacher, and Paul Ekman. “The Science of Inside Out.” New York Times, July 6, 2015.

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how emotions work: For a summary of the science of emotion, see: Keltner, Dacher, Keith Oatley, and Jennifer Jenkins. Understanding Emotions. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons, 2018.

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spider on a computer screen: For a review of how emotions influence the elements of decision-making, see: Lerner, Jennifer S., Ye Li, Piercarlo Valdesolo, and Kassam S. Karim. “Emotion and Decision Making.” Annual Review of Psychology 66 (2015): 799–823.

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our mind is attuned: Transient feelings of fear also lead people to support more conservative policies toward immigration and terrorism. People who report more conservative attitudes on social issues tend to feel more fear in general, have more nightmares, and show a stronger startle response (an eye blink) when startled. Oxley, Douglas R., Kevin B. Smith, John R. Alford, Matthew V. Hibbing, Jennifer L. Miller, Mario Scalora, Peter K. Hatemi, and John R. Hibbing. “Political Attitudes Vary with Physiological Traits.” Science 321, no. 5896 (2008): 1667–70. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157627. PMID:18801995.

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The “out” ofInside Out: This notion underlies Charles Darwin’s influential account of emotional expression. He viewed the expressions we observe today—such as the tightened lips and clenched jaw of anger—as vestiges of actions from our mammalian past—the biting of attack. Darwin, Charles. The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1872/1998.

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it is the five emotions: These ideas were part of a conversation Pete, Ronnie, and I had about sadness and its role in the film. Pete had begun thinking about the film in witnessing the sadness his own daughter showed as she entered adolescence, a time of surprising sadness as the ease and delights of childhood fade. Pete and Ronnie wanted the hero of the film to be the character of Sadness, but were getting pushback from the executive team, who thought sadness would be too depressing and discourage ticket sales. In that conversation, we talked about distinctions between sadness and depression; unlike sadness, depression is often flat, colorless, and devoid of passion and concern. We delved into the “inside” of sadness, how sadness slows life down, allows for reflection, and reorients us to what matters in life, given the loss we are facing. We considered the “out” of sadness, how tears bring others close to us. Pete and Ronnie prevailed and placed Sadness at the center of Inside Out.

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