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"He did not like London. He spoke English very badly; he made few acquaintances there; and he writes with some asperity of the people and their habits." J. D. Duff, fore­word to The Memoirs of Alexander Herzen (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1923), xiii. These contentions persisted. "As for the English, he met few among them . . . On the whole, little attention was paid to him in England, and he responded with mingled admiration and dislike for his hosts." Isaiah Berlin, introduction to Alexander Herzen, From the Other Shore, trans. M. Budberg (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1956), xii.

"Takogo otshel'nichestva ia nigde ne mog naiti, kak v Londone." A. I. Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii v tridtsati tomakh (Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1954­66), 11:10.

In 1894 Milyukov delivered six public lectures, which included mention of the De­cembrists and Herzen. Within months he was dismissed from teaching and sent into exile for two years. Undeterred, Milyukov set to work in Ryazan and published a series of sympathetic feuilletons on the romantic and emotional life of the "idealists" of the 1830s: Stankevich, Belinsky, and Herzen. See P. Miliukov, "Liubov' u idealistov tridtsatikh godov," Russkiia vedomosti 34 (issue numbers 276, 282, 289, 305, 335, 345) (1896).

As late as 1904, Boborykin, in his article on the Russian intelligentsia, still does not allow himself to mention Herzen by name, but instead refers to him as the "publisher of The Bell and From the Other Shore." P. Boborykin, "Russkaia intelligentsiia," Russkaia mysl' 25, no. 12 (1904): 82.

Ch. Vetrinskii (Vasilii Evgrafovich Cheshikhin-Vetrinskii), Gertsen (St. Petersburg: Svetoch, 1908).

P. N. Miliukov, Vospominaniia (1859-1917), ed. M. M. Karpovich and B. I. El'kin, vol. 1 (New York: Izdatel'stvo Imeni Chekhova, 1955), 145.

P. Miliukov, "Pamiati Gertsena," Mir Bozhii, 9, no. 2, section 2 (February i900): i7-2i.

Paul N. Miliukov, Russia To-Day and To-Morrow (New York: Macmillan, i922),

359.

See Iv. Il. Petrunkevich, Iz zapisok obshchestvennogo deiatelia: Vospominaniia, ed. A. A. Kizevetter (Prague, i934; Berlin: Petropolis-Verlag), 337.

His real name was Razumnik Vasil'evich Ivanov.

Ivanov-Razumnik, Istoriia russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli ^907), 3rd ed. (St. Peters­burg: M. M. Stasiulevich, i9ii), 365-4:4.

Ivanov-Razumnik, "Gertsen i Mikhailovskii," in A. I. Gertsen ^905; Petrozavod: Kolos, i920), 46-76. Ivanov-Razumnik exemplifies the hazards of the scholar who dared write in a free and unhindered way during the first years of the Bolshevik regime. He published studies on Herzen, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov, and Mikhailovsky, and fa­vored populism over Marxism. With the consolidation of the new order, he soon found himself blacklisted, and then incarcerated for periods between i92i and i94i.

See Ivanov-Razumnik, "O smysle zhizni," 2nd ed. (St. Peterburg, i9i0). For more on Ivanov-Razumnik's writings on Herzen, see N. V. Kuzina, "A. I. Gertsen v sochineniiakh i tvorcheskom soznanii R. V. Ivanova-Razumnika i9i0-i920 gg.," in Gertsenovskie chteniia (Kirov: Dept. kul'tury i iskusstva Kirovskoi oblasti, 2002), i2-i7.

See Kirik Levin, A. I. Gertsen: Lichnost', ideologiia (Moscow: Dennitsa, Tipografiia Voennogo Komissariata Moskovskoi oblasti, i9i8; 2nd ed.: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo, i922), v.

An edition of Herzen's writings in ten small volumes began to be published in the West five years after his death, but this represented only a fraction of his total output. Herzen's Bell essays are almost completely absent, and sections of other texts are miss­ing. See Sochineniia A. I. Gertsena spredisloviem (Oeuvres d'Alexandre Herzen) (Geneva: H. Georg, i875-79).

See V. Ia. Bogucharskii, "Poslednii period zhizni (i857-i870 gg.)," in Aleksandr Ivanovich Gertsen (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo, i920/i92i), И4-62.

Iurii M. Steklov, A. I. Gertsen (Iskander): 1812-1870 (Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo, i920; 2nd ed., Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo, i923).

See, for example, the treatment of Herzen in general historiographical overviews such as Nikolai L. Rubinshtein, Russkaia istoriografiia (Moscow: OGIZ/Gospolitizdat, i94i), 204-8.

Lenin's laudatory pronouncement declares that Herzen's Bell "broke the slavish silence" and "valiantly championed the liberation of the peasants." V. I. Lenin, "Pamiati Gertsena," Sotsial-Demokrat, no. 26, May 8 (April 25), i9i2.